How do Archaeologists Know Where to Dig? Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT)

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Dateline. Zarahemla Temple Site (Montrose, Iowa) August 15th, 2021.

The first report from resistivity scanning points to the outlines of the Zarahemla Temple Foundation made of white sand. The report from the Russian scientist is attached. We plan to scan the whole 14-acre lot during the week before Thanksgiving in November. Before Christmas, we intend to have a 3-model of the Temple’s foundation. We believe that we are moving in the right direction. We welcome any serious review of the technology and our search. Would you please prepare any comment or critique with the sure knowledge that few companies in the world can match the talents and skills of Landviser and associated scientists? We will go back to Zarahemla with these world-class scientists to find the truth as it springs out of the ground. Stand by for more details.

Landviser Report Aug 2021a

Voices from the Dust Montrose, Iowa, August 12th, 2021 Donations Here
Main Website Here: https://zarahemla.site/
***Landviser Report Aug 2021b
©2021 Heart Land Research Group | 2681 Milan Street Easton, PA 18045 John Lefgren, Wayne May, Kevin Price, Mike LaFontaine.

Watch our 2020 Come Follow Me, Book of Mormon Podcasts Here

Fort Madison, Iowa – August 9th – 13th

2 Nephi 26:16 “For those who shall be destroyed shall speak unto them out of the ground, and their speech shall be low out of the dust, and their voice shall be as one that hath a familiar spirit;”

Michigan Tablets

In the Seminar, there was an examination of the ancient inscriptions character by character. The Seminar participants constitute a group of people with more than 300 years of professional experience in history, science, languages, and data processing.

The artifacts are found mostly in Michigan. This collection has coherent writing systems that use a mix of an alphabet with pictographic symbols. Some symbols are from ancient Egypt. There is a Ten Commandments artifact that will be used as a Rosetta Stone. There are biblical stories from the Old Testament included in the artifacts. Brian Nettles has made much progress with his character set; however, we are only taking the first steps in this research.

Illinois and Iowa are places where other ancient writings are found. These writings have crossovers to the artifacts in Michigan. Many of the artifacts from Illinois are heavily influenced by Celtic Iberian. Michel Boutet is part of our team, and he is using his knowledge of Celtic Iberian to do translations.

The attached YouTube video is a free-flowing presentation and is now available for the world to see. As you like, please make your comments to the Heartland Research Group. The presentation was fantastic.

Click the button to view the video.

Zarahemla, Capital City of a Land that is Choice Above All Other

“You have to look for it before you can find it. We believe that there are good reasons to look on the west bank of the Mississippi in Lee County, Iowa. The reasons come from a reading of the Book of Mormon as it relates to the movements of those ancient people as well as from the surface. We already know that there is ancient human habitation in the area as evidenced by existing earth mounds.” Heartland Research

San Diego Archaeological Center

DIG DEEPER: HOW DO ARCHAEOLOGISTS KNOW WHERE TO DIG?

Dig Deeper is a monthly blog focusing on the basics of archaeology by taking a closer look at the exhibition Archaeology 101, which is currently featured at the Center.

Introduction

To determine where a site might be, archaeologists conduct a survey, which can include walking through a site and digging holes of similar depths at an equal distance apart from each other, known as shovel test pits, as well as GPS, resistivity meters, and ground penetrating radars. These methods allow archaeologists to determine where to dig without substantial impact or damage to the site itself.

Cultural Resource Management of Land Development

Most of the collections that come in to the San Diego Archaeological Center are excavated from land that is to be developed. By law, developers are required to hire a Cultural Resource Management (CRM) firm that will provide archaeologists (and other specialists like geologists and paleontologists) that are on site during the development process so that if any artifacts or ecofacts are found, they can be uncovered and studied. But what about sites that have nothing to do with a development?

Other Ways to Locate Sites

Archaeologists have many different ways that they locate sites. Researching historic records pertaining to a specific area is a great place to start. By knowing where previous human activity was, archaeologists can observe patterns. Many sites are visited more than once, so finding past record of any previous excavation or history, could also help archaeologists know where to continue their exploration.

Surveying

Before any sort of excavation is done at a site, the site is first surveyed visually. This is accomplished by establishing a grid system and then using that system to walk around scanning the ground for artifacts, such as ground stone, historic glass, or midden soil (or garbage dump). If midden is found, archaeologists know that the site was inhabited by humans at some point. Soil becomes darker and almost oily from organic materials that humans discarded in the past, making the soil easier to spot.

Tools Used for Surveying and Mapping Sites

Geophysical tools can be incredibly useful for archaeologists to use while looking for site features, like foundations, floors, or walls. A resistivity meter locates sites by measuring electrical resistivity of the soil and any features or artifacts that might by underground. A wall that is buried underground will produce more resistivity than the soil that is around it. Magnetometers and ground penetrating radar (GPR) work similar to resistivity meters. They show the presence of artifacts and features by highlighting the differences in the soil. A tool you may already recognize, global positioning systems (or more commonly known as, GPS) or the total station that was introduced last month, give highly accurate data about the location and position of sites in the surrounding area.

By Jessica McPheters, Collections Manager

Archaeology: 101 How do archaeologists know where to dig?

Archaeology 101 Exhibit

Electrical resistivity imaging in Archaeology and restoration

Archaeologists have several ways of locating buried sites. Historical records are consulted to ascertain if the area was inhabited in the past. Historical photos, property documents and old maps can indicate where human activity took place in the past. Before an excavation begins, the site is visually surveyed. Walking in grids, archaeologists scan the ground for artifacts, such as debitage (stone flakes), glass or midden soil. Midden soil indi-cates previous human occupation. Over time, the soil becomes darker and some-what greasy from organic substances, ash and moisture that humans left behind. Geophysical equipment (resistivity meters, magnetometers and ground penetrating radar) may be used to look for features, such as foundations or walls. Archaeology: 101 How do archaeologists know where to dig? Resistivity meters can help to locate a site by measuring the electrical resistivity of the soil and any features or artifacts that might be underground. For example, a buried stone wall would show more resistivity than the soil around it. Magnetometers and ground penetrating radar (GPR) work in a similar way. These tools print out a view of the differences measured, indicating the presence or absence of artifacts and features. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and surveying equipment, such as a total station, can provide highly accurate data about the location and position of archaeological sites in the surrounding topography. Archaeologists using ground penetrating Radar (GPR), to look for hidden features. GPR Image of buried features at a site

The geoelectric resistivity technique is a well-known geophysical method, generally used in geology, for the non-invasive investigation of the subsurface. Recent advances in hardware and software allowed for the development of the technique known as Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). This method allows for obtaining detailed images about lateral as well as vertical distribution of the electrical resistivity within that portion of the subsurface being investigated, employing advanced, efficient and reliable inversion 2D and 3D algorithms. The optimum ERT survey design parameters are discussed, which are required to obtain a reasonable image about the subsurface of sites of archaeological interest or about the internal structural of monuments or buildings that need restoration. To this end, two case studies are presented. The first concerns the application of the ERT to evaluate the original conditions of a portion of the historical walls in Venice, Italy, and afterwards to verify the consolidation outcome. In the second, 2D and 3D ERT investigation of the subsurface of the important Palaeolithic site “Isernia La Pineta” sited in Isernia, South Italy, shall be treated.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234004809_Electrical_resistivity_imaging_in_Archaeology_and_restoration